Saturday, March 28, 2020

Organic Chemistry Tutors - Learning in the Fluid and Particle States

Organic Chemistry Tutors - Learning in the Fluid and Particle StatesYou've decided to take up organic chemistry, but don't have enough time to spare for a full-time job. Or maybe you want to pursue a career in science and are a workaholic with many responsibilities at home. You can look for an organic chemistry tutor in your area or online.There are many jobs in chemical engineering, but not all of them are related to Chemistry. Some people choose careers in science and/or technology because they want to help people and learn about new technologies. Still others do not want to be around chemical reaction every day so they wish to pursue a career where they have more time for themselves.For this type of person there is still an option. Try reading Organic Chemistry textbooks online. You can find a variety of books that have great pictures as well as good chapters and explanations. These books do not necessarily teach you every concept in Chemistry, but they give you enough information that you can supplement your own knowledge with the help of the textbook you have chosen.If you want to learn through a Chemistry tutor but do not have enough time to devote to this endeavor, try looking for online tutors. They may offer quick consultation, tutorials, or test preparations. Sometimes the programs will even offer some sort of bonus package that will make your experience a lot more comfortable.It's best if your student's learning environment can be a more relaxed environment. This way you can learn more effectively. An instructor with a relaxed, fun attitude will improve your mood and help you learn faster.Many teachers use online teaching and support systems, such as email, webcam, or audio sessions. The result is better communication between students and instructors, and an opportunity to study in a more focused environment. All the classroom research materials such as notebooks, guides, etc. are now available online.When you're an organic chemistry tutor, you can g o to classes in the morning or after lunch. During the day, you will be required to get some laboratory experience, so you may be assigned to a lab assistant or a mentor. Nowadays, it is easy to find great tutors. You just need to find one who has a good reputation and offers good tests and informative materials.

Friday, March 6, 2020

Looking at complete brain development for your child Think Abacus - ALOHA Mind Math

Looking at complete brain development for your child Think Abacus Did you know that in the normal school scenario, it is predominantly your child’s left part of the brain that is getting stimulated? This is because most of the speech, writing and analytical areas of the brain lie on the left side, and these are the ones used most in conventional learning situations. The right side contains the areas dealing with analysis by touch, creativity and spatial visualization that is required in some specialized subjects and areas and not stimulated all the time. If you are interested in a process of learning that stimulates both the left and right brain and contributes to complete brain development, it is essential that you explore the technique of mental mathematics called Abacus. Children first learn to use the physical abacus for calculations and as they get more experienced they progress to using an abacus in the mind â€" what a great way to combine spatial recognition as well as analytical calculations at the same time. After a few months of Abacus classes your child may astound you by handling a question like 348 X 875 / 46 with ease. Introducing your child to Abacus can give him or her many benefits and not just related to mental math calculations. You will notice improvements such as a better attention span and leaps in logical reasoning, all due to a better mental focus. Abacus at advanced stages works towards completely eliminating the use of pen and paper, and even the questions are comprehended by the child mentally which brings about much sharper listening skills. Other aspects like memory and observation will also show a change for the positive. Proficiency in mathematics is a great foundation for your child and will help him or her gain confidence in facing exams and assignments related to the subject in the future. Math is just the beginning, and with continued effort in this area, you will definitely find an all-round development in all scholastic subjects. Aloha USA offers a range of Math and English classes for your child, and contributes to complete brain development. Please see more details at: http://www.aloha-usa.com .

Deadline Approaching for Phi Kappa Phi Award Programs

Deadline Approaching for Phi Kappa Phi Award Programs pixabay.com According to the press release, “Grants of up to $2,500 are available for new and ongoing projects ranging from traditional reading initiatives to those fostering learning in cultural, digital, financial, health, historical literacy and beyond.” Not only will this be a great resume booster, it will also give you the priceless joy of helping your community out with a fun project to promote literacy. Both of these applications are due April 1, 2017. For more information about eligibility requirements as well as application instructions, click here. Since 1933, the Society’s award programs have recognized members and students on its chapter campuses for outstanding academic achievement. Currently, $1.4 million is awarded each biennium to qualifying students and members through graduate fellowships, funding for post-baccalaureate development, member and chapter awards, and grants for local, national, and international literacy initiatives. There is a little something for everyone, no matter where you are in your academic career. So what are you waiting for? Get your applications in for both the Love of Learning Award and Literacy Grant before they close.

Thursday, March 5, 2020

The Unabbreviated Guide to the CEFR The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

The Unabbreviated Guide to the CEFR The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages The Unabbreviated Guide to the CEFR: The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages At your cafe table, you hear somebody nearby bragging.“Oh me, I’m slightly fluent in German.”You were minding your own business. Taking pictures of your latte, hoping that one of the pictures is worthy of your prestigious Instagram account.You try to ignore that braggart and take a sip from your rapidly cooling cup.But youre a little bit jealous.Then you start wondering:Well, what does that even mean? What do they mean by slightly fluent?Does that mean they can only be slightly understood by native German speakers?Hey, what am I doing sniffing in other people’s business?”Your questions really reflect the basic problems with describing or measuring linguistic ability.First, it’s very hard to quantify what were talking about, and second, we don’t even have a standard of quantifying how good one is in a language.Well, at least that was all true before the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) entered the picture. Thanks to the CEFR, we now have a stan dard, a yardstickâ€"or meterstick, if you willâ€"that we can use to gauge language ability.But what is the CEFR, exactly? And what does it have to do with you as a language learner?In this article well break down the bureaucracy and shine some light on  everything you need to know about the CEFR, including a description of the different levels and a look at some institutions where you can take CEFR-compliant proficiency exams.Theres a lot to cover so let’s begin. The Unabbreviated Guide to the CEFR: The Common European Framework of Reference for LanguagesWhat in the World Is the CEFR?The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Ooooh. Sounds so cold and official, doesn’t it?The CEFR is the brainchild of the Council of Europe. The Council of Europe, not to be confused with the European Union, is the continent’s oldest intergovernmental body. It’s presently composed of 48 member states and is headquartered in Strasbourg, France. One of the council’s aims is to promote Europe’s cultural identity and diversity.The Council of Europe, together with stakeholders, leading language teaching institutions and subject matter experts, sought to create a standard way of describing language proficiency. In 2001, after years of research and study, the Council published a framework that now serves as a recognized standard. They came up with six proficiency levels, each with a specific set of indicators.The CEFR proficiency levels are A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2. The higher the number and the letter, the higher your proficiency. To know your CEFR level in a language, you simply have to take a test from a recognized institution. Later on, well talk about what exactly these levels mean, so if a person says she’s a B2 in French, for example, you’ll know exactly what she’s talking about.Why Should a Language Learner Understand How the CEFR Works?In a word: ubiquity. The CEFR has been adopted and recognized all across Europe and beyond. Many of the sta ndardized tests like the TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS have made use of the linguistic competency descriptions provided in the framework, and actually have equivalent scores in the CEFR. For example, a TOEFL score of 110-120 would be equivalent to CEFRs C1.Even non-European countries have begun aligning their standardized test scores to the European framework. For example, Hanban, the official administrator of the HSK Chinese proficiency test, claims that their scores between HSK 1 and HSK 6 correspond to CEFRs ratings from A1 to C2.More than a mere badge of honor or a legitimate bragging right, your CEFR test results can be used to prove your competency in the language. For example, when looking for jobs overseas, some companies might require you possess certain language skills to qualify. In the performance of your duties, you might need to speak a foreign language well enough to understand and be understood by your colleagues. What’s the point of being a brilliant engineer if you canâ €™t tell your boss, “Umm, dude, the bridge isnt straight” in French?Another common scenario: if you want to pursue advanced studies in Europe, they’ll want to make sure that you can follow the lectures and possess the linguistic competence to complete all the requirements. So a CEFR certification might be required by the university admissions office.Lets now look at the six levels and what linguistic abilities they entail.The Different CEFR Reference LevelsFirst of all, we need to understand that the CEFR involves various linguistic skills: writing, listening, speaking and reading. So a person might be at different levels for the different language areas. For example, you might be considered a B2 in reading, but only a B1 in speaking.The descriptions for each level are for “communicative competence”â€"how well youre able to understand and be understood by others. So here were not talking about just vocabulary size. The CEFR levels are directed really at how well youre able to get your point across and achieve your communicative goal.As mentioned before, there are three broad levels, A, B and C, with each level further subdivided into two.Generally, here are the marks and indicators for the different reference levels:A1 and A2 (Basic)A1 â€" “Breakthrough”At “A0,” you have no prior experience with the target language. Getting to “A1” means you have become familiar with some very basic expressions and phrases. For English learners, this would be phrases like Hi, Bye, Good morning and Goodbye.In this first level, youre expected to be able to introduce yourself, and ask and answer basic questions like:Where do you live?What is the name of your school?How old are you?At A1, you can carry on very basic “first meeting” conversations as long as the person you’re talking with is willing to help and speaks very clearly and slowly, taking the time to repeat and enunciate the words individually as necessary, without using any slang, idioms or co lloquial expressions.A2 â€" “Waystage”In this level, youre able to go deeper into the “first meeting” conversations and will now be able to ask and answer questions like:What is your father’s job?What are your hobbies?What is your job?This stage is still about the basic and routine exchange of information, but youre now slowly able to go into more personal information beyond your name and age. You can now say more about your background, albeit still in very simple terms.B1 and B2 (Independent)B1 â€" “Threshold”This is the minimum level that travelers and tourists would want to reach in order to competently navigate a foreign land. In this stage, youre now able to figure out the main points of a sentence or other input. You may still not understand every word the other guy is saying, but now you have an educated grasp of whats being talked about.Youre also able to communicate with native speakers about your thoughts and intentions. You can give reasons, opinions and pla ns. Your output may not always be grammatically sound, but native speakers listening to you will get the gist of what youre talking about and respond appropriately.B2 â€" “Vantage”In this second level of “B,” theres now some degree of spontaneity in your communication, and the strain of understanding and being understood slowly begins to fade. As you get plenty of practice, you’re able to get into new topics because thats where the interaction naturally leads to, not because you planned and rehearsed them in your head.You’re also able to handle increasingly complex topics, even abstract and technical ones. For example, not only can you give your own opinions, but now you can also go deeper into the discussion by mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of options and choices.C1 and C2 (Proficient) C1 â€" “Effective Operational Proficiency”When you get into the “C” territory, you’re really able to start playing with the language.You communicate with ease and flexibility, using well-structured sentences and paragraphs. Youre able to organize your thoughts without consciously searching for specific words or expressions. They begin to simply flow through you.You also recognize implied meaning and use idiomatic and colloquial expressions, which add layers and texture to your communication.At this stage, youre able to hold your own with native speakers, whether you’re in a social, professional or academic setting.C2 â€" “Mastery” This is the stage where you understand practically everything thrown your way. You easily restructure, repackage and summarize information. You can express in another manner any form of communication, whether written or spoken.You can distinguish different shades of meaning. And because of that, your communication is often really on point even in complex scenarios. At this stage, you’re able to say or express exactly  what you want to.You now might be asking yourself, “So how do I find out what level Im at ?”You take a test.Where? That depends on the language you’re studying.Where Can I Get “Certified”?Different languages have different certifying and testing institutions. Here are some prominent ones for five of the most commonly spoken languages in Europe.French (Alliance Française)The Alliance Française is the leading international organization promoting the French language and culture, with over 800 centers worldwide in 130 countries.The university or company you’re applying for might require you to take the DELFâ€"Diplôme d’Études en Langue Française (Diploma in French Language Studies) or the DALFâ€"Diplôme Approfondi en Langue Française (Advanced Diploma in French Language). The DELF tests for A1 to B2 proficiency, while the DALF, the more advanced of the two, tests for C1 and C2.They both test the four language skills: listening, reading, writing, speaking. Each section has 25 points, for a total of 100 points. In order to pass, you must get at least 50 out of 100, with no section scored lower than 5 out of 25. That means if you score a “4” or lower for any of the sections, you wont pass, even if you get excellent grades for all the other remaining sections.German (Goethe Institut)Founded in 1951 and headquartered in Munich, Germany, the Goethe Institut is the leading advocate of the German language and culture. The nonprofit organization, named after the poet and statesman Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, has about 160 centers worldwide.Like the Alliance Française, it offers German language education and testing for anyone who wants to have their German certified. The exams correspond to the six levels laid out by the CEFR.So for example, if you take the “Goethe Zertifikat A1” (an exam often used as proof of language ability when applying for a spousal visa), youre expected to be familiar with the most common German expressions, as well as conduct very basic German interactions as outlined in the CEFR.You can earn a  Goethe Zertif ikat  for all levels between A1 and C2.Another way of proving your linguistic competence is by taking the TestDaF. This is an exam which covers B2-C1 material and which is recognized by practically all German educational and research institutions. Companies may also require it for employment.The TestDaF gauges your different language skills separately. You’ll be tested on Reading Comprehension (60 minutes), Listening Comprehension (40 minutes), Writing (60 minutes) and Speaking (35 minutes). If you pass the exam, you’ll be given a grade of either TDN 3 (CEFR: B2), TDN 4 (CEFR: strong B2 to C1) or TDN 5 (CEFR: strong C1). The higher the number, the better. Failing the TestDaF means your skills are still Unter TDN 3  (Under TDN 3).Spanish (Instituto de Cervantes)The Instituto de Cervantes, like the previous two institutions, aims to promote language and culture around the world. It was created in Spain in 1991 through a law which also gave its marching orders to bolster the study and use of the Spanish language, and to engage in activities that promote Spanish culture.Headquartered in Madrid, the  Instituto Cervantes does its good work in over 50 centers around the world.If you’re interested in Spanish, you can enroll in the classes they offer for different levels. If you want to be certified in Spanish, youll have to take the DELE or the Diplomas de Español como Lengua Extranjera (Diplomas of Spanish as a Foreign Language).You can pick from any of the six DELE test levels, which correspond to the standards set forth in the CEFR. The difficulty and duration of the examination depends on the level you’re gunning for, but expect to be tested on your reading, listening, writing and speaking. In order to pass the DELE, youll have to pass each of its subsections. So for example, you may have near perfect reading skills, but if you fall below the standard in speaking, youll still fail the exam.The test results take about three months because they still have t o be validated by the University of Salamanca. But the good news is that test results never expire and are perpetually valid.Italian (Università per Stranieri di Perugia)Established in 1921, the Università per Stranieri di Perugia  (University for Foreigners in Perugia)  is the oldest of its kindâ€"a university dedicated to the study of Italian language and culture, welcoming foreign students the world over. The school’s motto, “Ambassador of Italy in the World,” reflects its mission of spreading the beautiful Italian language and culture internationally.The university therefore has the duty to design and conduct the examinations to test and certify a person’s competence in Italian. The certificate is called CELI or Certificato di Conoscenza della Lingua Italiana (Certificate of Knowledge of the Italian Language).There are six CELI exams, again corresponding to the CEFR: CELI Impatto (A1), CELI 1 (A2), CELI 2 (B1), CELI 3 (B2), CELI 4 (C1) and CELI 5 (C2).The most difficul t is CELI 5, which is composed of Reading Comprehension (20%), Writing (30%), Grammar (10%), Listening Comprehension (15%), Speaking (25%). The whole CELI 5 exam can be completed in just under five hours. In comparison, the CELI 1 can be finished in two and half hours.English (Cambridge English)For over a hundred years, Cambridge English has been providing training and certifications to English language learners around the world. Their seal of approval is recognized by over 20,000 organizations. Their exams align with CEFR levels.More than align, actually. Cambridge English, working closely with the Council of Europe, were competent partners and participants in the development of the CEFR levels themselves. So know that with Cambridge English, you’re in expert hands.Their most popular assessment is the FCE (First Certificate in English) which is equivalent to B2. You can choose whether to take the paper-based or computer-based exam, both of which take three and a half hours.The ne xt exams in the totem pole are the CAE (Certificate in Advanced English) and CPE (Certificate of Proficiency in English) which correspond to the C1 and C2 levels of the CEFR, respectively. Like all of the exams mentioned here, they test the four core language competencies: listening, reading, writing and speaking.Now you hopefully understand what the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages is all about. You know the different levels and what they mean in actual practice, and know some of the recognized institutions that can certify your linguistic ability. Now you just need to start studying!Speaking of which, FluentU and our family of language blogs can help you. So read up on our posts here and be on your way to acing any language exam that might come your way.Good luck!

LEXICON Language Studio

LEXICON Language Studio LEXICON Language Studio LEXICON Language Studio Moscow (http://english-lexicon.com) is a private language tutoring service started by a Canadian expat in Moscow, Russia. The studio has two locations with fully equipped VIP classrooms in central Moscow. We employ only qualified native speakers with language or business degrees, or relevant experience. Most of our lessons are individual or small group classes, with content tailored to the goals and priorities of every client. Our target audience is made up of young professionals (50%), teenagers (30%) and top managers of Russian companies (20%). Subject areas include: • General English grammar and vocabulary (speaking, listening, writing and reading) • Business English (Finance, Legal, Tourism, Marketing, Medicine, Engineering, Airline, Law Enforcement, etc.) • Standardized test preparation (TOEFL, IELTS, GMAT, GRE, SAT, CAT, PET, BEC, etc.) • Communication skills coaching (presentations, negotiations, interviews, small talk).

Why Be Smart Tutoring Inc Is So Effective

Why Be Smart Tutoring Inc Is So EffectiveBe Smart Tutoring Inc. is a US based company which specialises in teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) to native English speakers. They have over 15 years of experience in working with an array of students who are all eager to learn and do not mind being around the home tutor as much as they do their parents. They may be young adults, older people, international students, locals or overseas students.It all depends on what their particular language area is and where they were born and where they want to live for the next few years. Some may not mind the amount of weekly English classes that they need to take while others will need the extra assistance from a tutor who is not only willing to be there but does not mind doing things for them and teaching them as well.The reason why this company has been around for so long is because they are very good at what they do. They understand that the children they work with do not speak English as a first language so it is important that they do the best they can with the limited time they have to devote to them. The skills that they teach to the children means that they will eventually be able to use those skills when they are older.One of the things that they do that most other companies simply cannot do is make the children happy. Their philosophy is that the kids they tutors do not have the ability to be able to express themselves in front of the class, so that they need someone who understands them and loves them.Students are very grateful to them for making their lives better. These are the parents of a child who will then go on to become a successful businesswoman. The children of these parents will go on to make a difference in the community and the world.The whole package comes together and when it is put together, the outcome is a very rewarding experience for both teacher and student. It is this experience that makes the tutor and the students feel very satisfied.W ith this in mind, parents can not only teach their children how to speak the language but also teach them to love it and enjoy the experience of being around the home tutor. This can not only improve the language skills of the child but can also help the child develop their social skills as well.

The Conjuration Tasks You Can Do

The Conjuration Tasks You Can DoIf you are interested in a career in the conjuration art, it is good to know that there are a number of professions which have been filled by the use of the magic spell known as the conjuration. So it is very important for you to choose the right career for you as conjure has a lot of benefits.The conjuration teaches you how to do magical spells using the fairy magic symbols which can be represented by fairies and faeries. It is considered as the ideal career if you want to work with magic. You can now also use your talents as a magician in many forms.You can choose to work as a conjuror tutor. In conjuror you need to study and practice magic as this job demands a lot of knowledge. This profession offers a wide range of jobs that you can choose from. In conjure tutors, you will teach children how to perform magic tricks that you will take some knowledge from them.You can even start working as a sextant operator and you can also become a navigator. You can also use your charm to cure the sick and even the dying. The sextant will help you perform a meditative spell to bring back their spirits to their rightful place. You can now also become a navigator, this is a very exciting job.You can also become a magician, which is a popular career among magicians. A magician needs a lot of self-control to perform magic and you will need an excellent memory. You can now perform a unique magic for your guests.You can also join a Conjure Singers, this profession involves singing your way through various movie music. You can also become a regular magician at partiesor in clubs.There are a number of other jobs that you can also be a part of, but there are also many dangers involved in this profession. Therefore, it is good to know what kind of career you want to pursue before you choose your career path.

How to Deal with Tricky Issues on your Resume.. - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / How to Deal with Tricky Issues on your Resume.. - Introvert Whisperer How to Deal with Tricky Issues on your Resume..?? It would be so great if our work experience were to be a glistening straight line of continuous work, punctuated by promotions and superior accomplishments.   The truth is that for most of us, life happened causing numerous career zigzags, sputters and interruptions. In today’s economy, there is little tolerance for less than perfectly aligned skills and experience.   That leaves many of us pondering how to develop a resume that doesn’t get trashed instantly. Let’s review some of the resume challenges and discuss what you should do: Worked for the same company more than once. This does happen more than you realize. You get laid off, rehired, laid off and so on.   There are two ways to address this: Lay out your resume in chronological order by dates you worked. Treat each entry as if it were a separate company. If the work for the same company had no interruptions by working for other businesses, simply group it into one entry, but be clear with your work dates. Work Gaps.The only way to avoid a gap in your work timeline is to fill it with volunteer work or temp work. Both experiences are “resume worthy” and will show you really don’t have a gap, because you were working. Volunteer experience.Some people think that non-salaried work should not be displayed on a resume, like it doesn’t count as “real work”. It is real work, unless what you did had no bearing on your previous career or the one you’re pursuing.   If you’re a marketing professional and volunteered to do marketing, wear it proudly and put it on your resume.   The fact that you weren’t paid is not as relevant as your accomplishments.   Besides, non-profits would pay for that work to be done if they had the budget to do so. Temp work. Temp work is a great job-search method. The concern is that when you have multiple job assignments working for a variety of companies, how to put all of that down so it makes sense to the reader.   The first thing you must realize is that you are working for the temp agency, even though your work is being done at a different business.   Your business entry is made by using the temp agency and the type of work and work period.   You can also outline the various companies you worked for, as well as your accomplishments under the temp agency as the business.   Don’t try to create an entry for each job assignment as it will get too busy and complicated to follow. Self-employment. For the business owner reentering the work force, this always feels intimidating; but it shouldn’t be. You make an entry for your place of business as you would with any position you held for another company. List your company by name, dates and put down your work responsibility as “owner”.   As a business owner you usually wear many hats, giving you even more accomplishments and skills.   Hone in on those that are most relevant to the position you are pursuing.   A concern that some people have with hiring a business owner is their desire to work independently.   You want to show that you can work collaboratively with others and successfully with a team.   Indicating that information proactively will be to your benefit. Worked for a controversial person or cause. Whether this work is paid or unpaid, sometimes disclosing the information can create strong negative reactions. Especially in this political season, you never know where unfavorable judgment might exist.   Depending on the specifics of the situation, you may want to leave the experience off your resume all together, especially if it doesn’t create a massive gap.   If it does create too big of an unexplainable gap, then consider toning down the details, like using initials instead of names or using a high level description such as: Political Campaign group.   You will need to give this some thought to ensure you don’t knock yourself out of the race by giving too much information. The best approach to your resume is to think through what the hiring manager is going to see and if it tells your work story effectively.   We all too often get caught up in the details of our issues.   Try to think at a higher level about what you’ve done and how to lay it out as so that it makes sense to the reader and effectively sells your assets. Do you know what your next career step is?   Many people don’t. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my eBook on how to construct your Career SMART Goals â€" that will help you put together your actions and keep you accountable.   Get your copy now and start your action plan today: CLICK HERE Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleash your professional potential.

Essay Writing English Writing Online Tutorpace

Essay Writing English Writing Online Tutorpace Students write several types of essays which include: argumentative essay, cause and effect essay, classification essay, comparison essay, critical essay, deductive essay, definition essay, expository essay, narrative essay etc. The first step in writing an essay is the choice of a topic and type. Once the topic has been chosen, the writer should gather information by brainstorming and researching. It is important to jot down notes even before the actual writing process starts. The next step is to write an outline that would be the blue print of the essay. When the outline is ready, it is time for the writing to start. The outline usually mentions all the points to be included from the introduction till the conclusion. The introduction usually starts with a hook that grabs the attention of the reader and stating some general facts on the subject. Most significantly, the thesis or the main idea begins to take shape and the introduction ends with the thesis. The thesis is the backbone of the essay because it informs the reader about the stand that the writer has taken on a specific topic and the reasons for taking the stand. Each of the body paragraph starts with the topic sentence which are the points mentioned in the thesis. The topic sentence is supported with elaborate explanations and evidence from other sources or the authors personal experiences. Essay Conclusion The essay conclusion is the last part of the essay and it summarizes the whole essay and restates the thesis so that the readers are reinforced with what they have read so far. In addition, the writers should always keep in mind the audience to whom they write and the language they should use. Each writer develops his/her own writing style which indicates the way a topic is tackled and efficient usage of vocabulary. Proof reading and editing help to make the essay more presentable and prevent the errors and slips that happen while writing.